Pesticides Alternatives

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https://open.fsc.org/handle/resource/1138
It is part of FSC’s Pest Management Policy to support derogation holders to phase out the use of highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs). To do so, FSC has implemented a database in which interested stakeholders will find alternative strategies/practices/products that have previously been implemented by forest managers. These alternatives have been selected following the 3R principle: Reduction, Replacement, Removal with the ultimate objective of abandoning the use of HHPs.

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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed (Weeds which compete with Blue Gums at establishment)
    Author(s):
    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: Trialled a reduction in the width of pre-plant weed control swathe from 2 m to 1.5 m or 1 m. Smaller swathe widths were found to give inferior weed control
    Alternative Method: Reduction
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: Yes
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed (Competing woody weeds at year 1)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: On suitable sites (usually high rainfall locations) - oversow with grasses to out compete the emerging woody weeds then use lower chemical volume to control grass around the tree
    Alternative Method: Reduction
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Removal of Insect (Megaplatypus mutatus, Ambrosia beetle)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Alternative Strategy: González Audino et al. (2005) identified the male M. mutatus sex pheromones, which are being tested with various traps to examine their efficacy at attracting females in the field. These would be useful in monitoring population peaks (OEPP/EPPO, 2009).
    Alternative Method: Removal
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Insect
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Replacement of Weed
    Author(s):
    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: New Zealand
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    Alternative Strategy: an adjuvant operates by degrading the outer waxy cuticle on the surface of the leaf and therefore allow greater penetration of herbicide such as Glyphosate into the leaf foliage. The adjuvant will be most effective when dessicating some species that are known to be resistant to either Glyphosate or Metsulfuron because of an impenetrable (thick layer of wax) leaf surface. This has effectively replaced the use of Oxyflurfen.
    Alternative Method: Replacement
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    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Removal of Insect (Heteronychus arator, African black beetle)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: Using a mesh bag around the root ball and lower stem of the seedling at planting as a barrier to grazing insects 100% control was acheived at a lower cost.
    Alternative Method: Removal
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Insect
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Alternative Strategy: Cultivation (ploughing): Site cultivation can improve growth conditions by disturbance of existing pest plants, cultivation of the soil and compaction relief. However it does not avoid herbicide use as cultivation also stimulates competing weed vegetation. Used in combination with an appropriate herbicide application, site cultivation can reduce the number of herbicide applications required.
    Alternative Method: Reduction
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    Alternative Trial: Yes
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Removal of Insect (Hylobius abietis, Large pine weevil)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Northern Europe, Europe
    Countries: Ireland
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    Alternative Strategy: Stump removalIn 2012-2013 Coillte will investigate the extent to which stump removal impacts on Hylobius populations. Stump harvesting is currently being trialled in a number of European countries as a means of recovering biomass for fuel energy. It has been suggested that, as the removal of stumps reduces the availability of breeding sites for Hylobius, it may reduce Hylobius feeding damage on restocking sites (Egnell et al., 2007). Even if this is the case, stump harvesting could only ever be used on a small number of sites, given the potential environmental risks associated with harvesting stumps on unsuitable/nutrient poor sites (Moffatt et al., 2011).
    Alternative Method: Removal
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    Alternative Trial: Yes
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Insect
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Insect (Hylobius abietis, Large pine weevil)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Northern Europe, Europe
    Countries: Sweden
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    Alternative Strategy: Combining a shelterwood system with scarification and feeding barriers, the mortality of spruce seedlings due to pine weevil could be reduced to below 10% in Sweden (Petersson 2004).7
    Alternative Method: Reduction
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    Alternative Trial: Yes
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Insect
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed (Perennial herbaceous weeds, woody brush and tree species associated with Boreal Forestry use)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Northern America
    Countries: Canada
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    Alternative Strategy: Study how large quick growing conifer planting stock will naturally compete with onsite vegetation without herbicides
    Alternative Method: Reduction
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed (Weeds at second rotation)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: On second rotations sites weed control begins prior to final harvesting with the aim of removing woody weeds and reducing weed seed loadings before site preparation commences. Under canopy treatment is standard practice which significantly reduces the potential for off site chemical
    Alternative Method: Reduction
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    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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