Publication: Is Amazon nut certification a solution for increased smallholder empowerment in Peruvian Amazonia?
Is Amazon nut certification a solution for increased smallholder empowerment in Peruvian Amazonia?
dc.contributor.author | Quaedvlieg, J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Roca, M.G. | |
dc.contributor.author | Ros-Tonen, M.A.F. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-01-23T18:58:57Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-01-23T18:58:57Z | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://open.fsc.org/handle/resource/1131 | |
dc.title | Is Amazon nut certification a solution for increased smallholder empowerment in Peruvian Amazonia? | en |
dcterms.accessRights | Public | |
dcterms.accessRights | Limited access | |
dcterms.bibliographicCitation | Quaedvlieg, J. et al. 2014. Is Amazon nut certification a solution for increased smallholder empowerment in Peruvian Amazonia? Journal of Rural Studies. | en |
dcterms.issued | 2014-01 | |
dcterms.language | en | |
dcterms.type | Journal Article | |
dspace.entity.type | Publication | |
fsc.evidenceCategory | FSC impact-related | |
fsc.focus.forestProduct | N9 Food | |
fsc.focus.forestType | Natural Forest | |
fsc.focus.forestZone | Tropical | |
fsc.focus.sustainDimension | Economic | |
fsc.focus.sustainDimension | Social | |
fsc.focus.sustainDimension | Political, legal, systemic | |
fsc.focus.tenureManagement | Smallholder | |
fsc.focus.tenureOwnership | Smallholder | |
fsc.inTransition | no | * |
fsc.issue.economic | Markets | |
fsc.issue.economic | Forest management | |
fsc.issue.economic | Benefits, motivations, reasons for certification | |
fsc.issue.economic | Costs, obstacles, barriers to certification | |
fsc.issue.social | Local communities | |
fsc.issue.social | Indigenous peoples | |
fsc.subject | Cooperatives | |
fsc.subject | Markets | |
fsc.subject | Smallholders | |
fsc.subject | Forest management | |
fsc.subject | Benefits, motivations, reasons | |
fsc.subject | Supply chain benefits | |
fsc.subject | Certification | |
fsc.subject | Costs, obstacles, barriers | |
fsc.subject | Market access | |
fsc.subject | Improved management | |
fsc.subject | Local communities | |
fsc.subject | Indigenous peoples | |
fsc.subject | Benefits, motivations, reasons for certification | |
fsc.topic.economic | Market access | |
fsc.topic.economic | Improved management | |
fsc.topic.economic | Price premium | |
fsc.topic.social | Consultation, participation, empowerment | |
is.availability.fullText | Full text available | |
is.contributor.member | Forest Stewardship Council | |
is.coverage.country | Peru | |
is.coverage.countryAlpha2 | PE | |
is.coverage.geographicLevel | Region | |
is.coverage.latitude | -12.616110 | |
is.coverage.longitude | -70.390022 | |
is.coverage.region | South America | |
is.evaluation.collection | Mixed methods | |
is.evaluation.collection | Interviews/surveys | |
is.evaluation.counterfacts | Yes | |
is.evaluation.dataSource | Independent researcher data | |
is.evaluation.findings | FSC-certified Amazon nuts have not yet reached a market. | |
is.evaluation.findings | FSC-certification offered a net benefit of US$ 0.17/kg of Amazon nut, which is the same as what organic certification offers. | |
is.evaluation.findings | Fairtrade certification offered a higher benefit per kg of Amazon nut than what FSC-certification offered (US$ 0.34 and 0.17/kg, respectively). | |
is.evaluation.outcome | yes | |
is.evaluation.quotes | The study showed that the alliances among producers, marketing firms and NGOs involved in certification in Madre de Dios have not brought the economic empowerment outcomes (increased assets, capabilities and freedom to make economic choices) that were originally expected. However, these alliances have helped increase the castañeros' political empowerment (giving them a voice and increased self-confidence in their ability to effect change) by strengthening their collective social and political capital. | |
is.evaluation.quotes | Both FSC standards (Klooster, 2005; Taylor, 2005b) and sanitary standards for organic-certified products (Quaedvlieg, 2009) tend to become requirements for accessing the market rather than opportunities to obtain a premium price. At best, the acquired skills mean that producers are able to maintain access to mainstream markets. | |
is.evaluation.quotes | Those involved in FSC certification also learned to improve forest management and reduce negative environmental impacts | |
is.evaluation.quotes | Higher costs due to the adaptation of production processes and high assessment and auditing costs are not compensated by sufficient price premiums for producers, while a lack of ecological information, production capacity, processing technology, managerial skills and distribution channels, high transportation costs to reach markets, a lack of appropriate standards and market information, and limited markets for certified products are additional hindrances. FSC certification (forest certification) is generally said to be more demanding and expensive than organic or Fairtrade (product) certification, while premium prices are lower. The decision ofASCART to desist from FSC certification is not unique and has also been reported for Amazon nut producers in Bolivia and maple syrup producers in Rupert, Vermont (US) (Pierce in Shanley et al., 2008: 11e12). | |
is.evaluation.quotes | The results show that certification has thus far had limited effects on castañeros' material assets (financial and physical capital) and also that Amazon nut certification does not necessarily represent an economic improvement for producers in the Amazon nut sector of Madre de Dios. Amazon nut certification would not have been possible without the support of NGOs and international donors. This corresponds with the obstacles to smallholder and community certification identified by Klooster (2005), Molnar (2003), Pattberg (2006) and Shanley et al. (2008). | |
is.evaluation.quotes | Their production and management skills improved, however. Producers have learned the importance of product quality and how to improve it in order to meet international market standards. In particular, NGOs provided training in handling the Amazon nuts according to more sanitary practices such as separating their garbage and transporting and drying their Amazon nuts in a clean and ventilated manner. Those involved in FSC certification also learned to improve forest management and reduce negative environmental impacts, while those who participated in an Internal Control Group learned to monitor whether the association members complied with the FSC standards. | |
is.evaluation.significance | Statistically significant | |
is.evidenceResourceType | Primary | |
is.evidenceSubType | Empirical study - qualitative | |
is.evidenceSummary | The study assess the difference that sustainability certification has made to Amazon nut (Brazil nut) producers in rural Peru. It looks at the potential of including producers for non-timber forest products into export value chains and the difference this could make to their political and economic empowerment. | |
is.evidenceType | Empirical study | |
is.extent.pages | 41-55 | |
is.extent.volume | 33 | |
is.focus.products | Brazil nuts | |
is.focus.sdg | SDG 1 - No Poverty | |
is.focus.sdg | SDG 12 - Responsible Production and Consumption | |
is.focus.sectors | Agriculture | |
is.focus.sectors | Forestry | |
is.focus.sustainDimension | Economic | |
is.focus.sustainDimension | Social | |
is.focus.sustainIssue | Consumers and supply chains | |
is.focus.sustainIssue | Participant costs and benefits | |
is.focus.sustainLens | Cooperatives | |
is.focus.sustainLens | Smallholders | |
is.focus.sustainLens | Supply chain benefits | |
is.focus.sustainOutcome | Market access | |
is.focus.sustainOutcome | Price premiums | |
is.focus.sustainOutcome | Product income | |
is.focus.sustainOutcome | Sales of product | |
is.focus.sustainOutcome | Sustainable sourcing | |
is.focus.systemElement | MandE outcomes and impacts | |
is.focus.systemElement | MandE performance monitoring | |
is.identifier.code | Impacts | |
is.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2013.10.004 | |
is.identifier.fscdoi | http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international391 | |
is.identifier.schemeName | Fairtrade International | |
is.identifier.schemeName | Forest Stewardship Council | |
is.identifier.schemeName | International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements | |
is.identifier.schemeType | Voluntary Sustainability Standards | |
is.item.reviewStatus | Peer reviewed | |
is.journalName | Journal of Rural Studies |