Publication: Forest Stewardship Council Certification of natural forest management in Indonesia: Required improvements, costs, incentives, and barriers
Forest Stewardship Council Certification of natural forest management in Indonesia: Required improvements, costs, incentives, and barriers
| dc.contributor.author | Klassen, A. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Romero, C. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Putz, F.E. | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-01-23T18:56:05Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2022-01-23T18:56:05Z | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://open.fsc.org/handle/resource/710 | |
| dc.title | Forest Stewardship Council Certification of natural forest management in Indonesia: Required improvements, costs, incentives, and barriers | en |
| dcterms.abstract | Voluntary, third-party, market-based forest certification has helped promote the transition from forest exploitation for timber to multiple-objective forest management in Indonesia. Here we describe the paths followed to Forestry Stewardship Council (FSC) certification of responsible management by five forestry concessions in Kalimantan, Indonesia. We found that while only modest improvements in forest management practices would be required for the concessions to comply with governmental regulations, much more substantial improvements were needed for FSC certification. Making these improvements was expensive mostly because the concessions lacked the required technical capacity and thus relied on support from outside institutions. We estimated that the direct costs of certification, half of which were paid by various donors, amounted to USD 300 000 to USD 700 000 per concession, with averages of USD 4.76/ha and USD 0.1/m3. Due to the minimal financial benefits the concessionaires received from certification of their forest products, external funds for the required technical inputs and audits were essential, but the business and marketing strategies of companies linked to the concessions also favoured certification. Forest certification is expanding in Indonesia for a variety of reasons, mostly related to partnerships between the private sector and civil society as well as in response to emerging synergies with the newly enacted government regulations (e.g. verification of timber legality and mandatory certification) and concerns about corporate reputations. Despite these facilitating factors, many barriers to certification remain, including unclear forest land tenure, perverse government regulations, high costs, lack of technical capacity, and scarcity of "green premiums" for certified forest products. | en |
| dcterms.accessRights | Public | |
| dcterms.accessRights | Open access | |
| dcterms.bibliographicCitation | Klassen, A., Romero, C. and Putz, F.E., 2014. Forest Stewardship Council certification of natural forest management in Indonesia: required improvements, costs, incentives, and barriers. IUFRO World Series, 32, pp.255-273. | en |
| dcterms.issued | 2014 | |
| dcterms.language | en | |
| dcterms.license | Copyrighted; all rights reserved | en |
| dcterms.publisher | IUFRO | |
| dcterms.type | Book Chapter | |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication | |
| fsc.evidenceCategory | FSC impact-related | |
| fsc.focus.forestZone | Tropical | |
| fsc.focus.sustainDimension | Economic | |
| fsc.focus.tenureManagement | Private | |
| fsc.focus.tenureOwnership | Public | |
| fsc.issue.economic | Benefits, motivations, reasons for certification | |
| fsc.issue.economic | Costs, obstacles, barriers to certification | |
| fsc.issue.environmental | Harvesting | |
| fsc.issue.environmental | Reduced Impact Logging | |
| fsc.issue.environmental | Biodiversity | |
| fsc.issue.social | Local communities | |
| fsc.issue.social | Indigenous peoples | |
| fsc.issue.social | Workers | |
| fsc.subject | Forests | |
| fsc.subject | Impacts | |
| fsc.subject | Estonia | |
| fsc.subject | Certification | |
| fsc.subject | State forest | |
| fsc.subject | Certification | |
| fsc.topic.political | National Forest Policy | |
| fsc.topic.political | Governance | |
| fsc.topic.social | Health and safety | |
| fsc.topic.social | Working conditions | |
| is.availability.fullText | Full text available | |
| is.contributor.funderType | Private funds (NGOs, companies, VSS self-funded etc) | |
| is.contributor.member | Forest Stewardship Council | |
| is.coverage.country | Indonesia | |
| is.coverage.countryAlpha2 | ID | |
| is.coverage.geographicLevel | Region | |
| is.coverage.latitude | -0.789275 | |
| is.coverage.longitude | 113.921327 | |
| is.coverage.place | Kalimantan | |
| is.coverage.region | Asia | |
| is.evaluation.collection | Interviews/surveys with certified entities and their representatives and workers/producers | |
| is.evaluation.counterfacts | No | |
| is.evaluation.dataSource | Independent researcher data | |
| is.evaluation.notes | FSC is criticized of demanding too much in relation to the economic benefits that can be expected in the future. In principal the costs are regarded as being too high, so that it cannot be achieved by the staff in the examined concessions. Additionally the Indonesian problem of unclear tenure rights, what can only be solved by the government, is a barrier to certification. So the FSC system of costs and benefits is unbalanced. | |
| is.evaluation.quotes | We found that while only modest improvements in forest management practices would be required for the concessions to comply with governmental regulations, much more substantial improvements were needed for FSC certification. Making these improvements was expensive mostly because the concessions lacked the required technical capacity and thus relied on support from outside institutions. | |
| is.evaluation.quotes | Slowing the uptake of responsible forest management and certification in Indonesia are high costs, lack of incentives, unrealistic requirements and expectations, and perverse governmental regulations. | |
| is.evaluation.quotes | The requirements for FSC certification in Indonesia far exceed those set by governmental regulations but also exceeded the technical capacities of concession staffs. To some extent, certifiers expect concessions to solve problems that can onlybe solved by the government. | |
| is.evaluation.quotes | Voluntary, third-party, market-based forest certification has helped promote the transition from forest exploitation for timber to multiple-objective forest management in Indonesia. Here we describe the paths followed to Forestry Stewardship Council (FSC) certification of responsible management by five forestry concessions in Kalimantan, Indonesia. We found that while only modest improvements in forest management practices would be required for the concessions to comply with governmentalregulations, much more substantial improvements were needed for FSC certification | |
| is.evaluation.quotes | Attainment of FSC certification required concessionaires to make long-term business commitments that respect the ecological and social dimensions of forest management, instead of just maximising log production. Certification also required more stakeholder input and generally helped open concessions to public scrutiny. The forest management practices required by the FSC are more demanding than those required by the MoF (Table II 15.4). In particular, substantial investments in the social and ecological dimensions of forest management were required by FSC. For example, investments were required in environmentalmonitoring equipment, protective gear for workers, and capacity building for monitoring biodiversity and general environmental impacts. In addition, substantial changes in logging practices were often required. Some of the required improvementswere beyond the capacities of the concessions to implement on their own, thus the need for external inputs. Based on the analysis of certification action plans and the CAR closures as well as field visits, the most evident implications of certification for forest management practices are summarised below. | |
| is.evaluation.quotes | Certified concessions routinely monitored soil erosion and stream sediment loads and utilisedthis information to improve their environmental management plans. The management plans includeprotection of streamside buffer zones, rehabilitation of degraded land, and handling and disposal of lubricants, fuel, and other chemicals. Substantial investments in environmental management and monitoring systems were required tocomply with FSC standards. In uncertified concessions, few of the government-required plans forenvironmental management or monitoring plans were properly implemented. | |
| is.evidenceSubType | Descriptive information - contextual and operational | |
| is.evidenceType | Descriptive information | |
| is.focus.products | Forestry products | |
| is.focus.sdg | SDG 15 - Life on Land | |
| is.focus.sectors | Forestry | |
| is.focus.sustainDimension | Economic | |
| is.focus.sustainIssue | Forests and other ecosystems | |
| is.focus.sustainIssue | Consumers and supply chains | |
| is.focus.sustainLens | Audits and assurance | |
| is.focus.sustainLens | Transparency | |
| is.focus.sustainOutcome | Deforestation and forest protection | |
| is.focus.sustainOutcome | Consumer preferences | |
| is.focus.systemElement | MandE outcomes and impacts | |
| is.focus.systemElement | MandE performance monitoring | |
| is.identifier.code | Impacts | |
| is.identifier.doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international679 | |
| is.identifier.schemeName | Forest Stewardship Council | |
| is.identifier.schemeType | Voluntary Sustainability Standards | |
| is.item.reviewStatus | Peer reviewed | |
| is.link.url | http://www.cifor.org/library/5106/forest-stewardship-council-certification-of-natural-forest-management-in-indonesia-required-improvements-costs-incentives-and-barriers/ |